Slope stability analysis is a branch of engineering science where there are great uncertainties. Although these uncertainties have strong effects on predicting process, however in common stability, analysis methods their direct effects are not considered. Probabilistic slope stability analysis method is a suitable tool for considering uncertainties in design process. First order Taylor series approximation method is the most common Probabilistic slope stability method that is almost verified in all practical cases. In research program Proba_Slope software was written. This software has the ability to do deterministic slope stability analysis utilizing Bishop's method and Probabilistic slope stability analysis based on above approximation method. The results gained from Proba_Slope were then verified using commercial software.

In this paper we study the Zagreb index in bucket recursive trees containing buckets with variable capacities. This model was introduced by Kazemi in 2012. We obtain the mean and variance of the Zagreb index and introduce a martingale based on this quantity.

The overall purpose of this study is to use Probabilistic methods for the estimation of the advanced rate of full-face tunnel boring machines. To collect appropriate input parameters, Monte Carlo Simulation was utilized. Then, the calculation phase was conducted applying established models on input data and probability density functions of output data were obtained. The results show that the average advance rates calculated by QTBM and CSM models were closer to the average value of the actual advance rates. In addition, using Probabilistic methods in combination with TBM prediction models helps to estimate the range of advance rates more confidently.

Pardis New Town located at a distance of 17 km from Tehran is bounded by the Alborz mountain range from the north, the Jajrud River from the west, Karasht, Siahsang and Taherabad villages from the south, and Bumehen from the east. It is located in the catchment area of the Jajrud River and has about 3600 hectares area. It includes 9 phases, 6 of which are residential regions and the other three are for research, industrial and tourism purposes.Since Pardis New Town is located in Tehran province and in proximity to the Mosha and North Tehran faults which have historical earthquakes, this study investigates its seismicity and seismic risk analysis by Probabilistic method.   After estimating the parameters of each seismic source, namely β, λ and the expected maximum magnitude, the peak ground acceleration of the sources was obtained for the return period of 475 years. For an earthquake with a return period of 475 years, the maximum value of ground acceleration in bedrock was equal to 0.34 g, and when we take into account the soil effect using the existing boreholes that indicate the geotechnical characteristics of the soil of the site, the maximum acceleration of 0.37 g in the eastern area of Pardis was obtained.

Introduction: One of the major problems facing most of the world's major metropolises and cities is natural hazards. In seismic countries, one of the most catastrophic is the earthquake event. Using statistical and Probabilistic methods called seismic hazard analysis it is possible to ensure the safety of structures against earthquakes. Every year, a lot of researches have been done to determine the hazard of earthquakes around the world; Therefore, it is necessary to use new and up-to-date methods based on which seismic hazard maps can be updated in Iran. In this study, using a Probabilistic approach and risk-targeted hazard analysis approach according to ASCE 07-10, the seismicity of Siraf port in Bushehr province was investigated. Materials and Methods: In the present study, in order to investigate the seismic status of the site, a set of historical and instrumental seismic data with a time coverage up to 2019 up to a radius of 150 km was used and seismic sources were modeled. For this purpose, seismic sources in the desired area, using geological maps and satellite images, were determined and a suitable model of seismic sources in the region was presented. The list of earthquakes that occurred in the project area was made through documents, books, and Accelerometer. The defect in the catalog were eliminated by using the Kijko-Sellevoll method. In order to achieve the Poisson distribution of events, foreshocks and aftershocks were eliminated using Gardner and Knopo methods and Grü nthal method. Finally, seismicity parameters were calculated based on data analysis in EZ-FRISK 7. 43 (2010). The results of seismic hazard analysis using the Probabilistic method for Siraf port are presented as a risk-based at the design level for a return period of 2475 years. 3. Study AreaSiraf port is located in Bushehr province near Kangan city in the south of Iran, between the south and southwest of the country (27. 6667 ° N, 52. 3425 ° E). It is one of the oldest ports in Iran, which is located between Kangan port and Assaluyeh port. The geological structure of the site follows the general trend of the Zagros with a northwest-southeast trend. The location of the site from a geomorphological point of view has a flat and plain topography and from the point of view of structural zones of Iran, it is located in the folded Zagros (Darvishzadeh, 1991). Results and Discussion: 4. 1. Determining the maximum horizontal acceleration of the ground motionUsing the results of the Probabilistic method, the parameters of the maximum acceleration values of the horizontal component of the site at the seismic levels of operation basis level (OBL), design basis level (DBL) and maximum consider Earthquake (MCE) are 0. 11g, 0. 39g and 0. 61g, respectively. 4. 2. Risk-Targeted response spectrum for design levelThe design response spectrum based on risk concept (ASCE 07-10) for this site has higher values in the entire period interval (approximately 12%) than the design spectrum with a probability of exceedance 10% and 2% in 50 years. The increase in the values of the risk-based spectrum in the site compared to the uniform hazard spectrum is due to uncertainty in the collapse capacity of the designed structures. Therefore, the probability of collapse and failure of structures designed according to this spectrum by changing from one place to another and by changing the shape of the seismic hazard curve, leads to the probability of non-uniform collapse. According to the Hazard Zoning Map of Iran in Regulation 2800, the location of the site confirms the level of high seismic hazard and the amount of acceleration of the design is 0. 3gacceleration. While the earthquake hazard analysis of this region with a probability of exceedance 2% and 10% in 50 years has determined the parameters of maximum horizontal acceleration 0. 61g and 0. 39g, respectively. The spectrum estimated in Standard 2800 is based on 10 percent probability of exceedance within a 50-year period with a Return period of 475 years. In seismically active areas where earthquakes occur most frequently, such as the west, southwest, and south coasts of the country, this method may be a logical one. But in areas where earthquakes are less common or the sensitivity of the area or site is important, the prediction of an earthquake with a return period of 475 years is under-predicted; Therefore, the definition of a maximum considered earthquake with a 2 percent probability of exceedance within a 50-year period with a Return period of 2475 years should be reconsidered. Finally it is worth mentioning that the estimated probability of collapse in 50 years for a structure designed for the probability of exceedance 2% in 50-years, with the 2/3 factor, is indeed more geographically uniform than that designed for the probability of exceedance 10% in 50-years ground motions, without any factor. Conclusion: Due to the high seismicity of Iran and especially the high importance of the southern regions of the country, it is recommended that the spectrum of regulations of the country (including standard 2800) be extensively studied and updated. Therefore, it is recommended to modify the spectrum in these regulations by updating the design spectrums of these regulations, using the methods available in valid standards such as ASCE7, in which earthquake estimation has been done properly. And for very important areas (including Tehran, Bushehr and Tabriz) due to the hazard of earthquake and irreparable damage, it is recommended to use the design spectrum based on the concept of risk-targeted according to ASCE 7-10. The results of the study indicate that the seismic values of the spectrum obtained according to Regulation ASCE 07-10 are different from the proposed values for this area in the 2800 standard. The reason for this is the uncertainty in the seismic design of the structure that the risk-targeted approach is able to take into account and leads to achieving a uniform level of geographical distribution to prevent the collapse of the structure.

Pakistan is a seismically prone country and its provincial capital city Quetta is bordered by a number of faults. Traditionally Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is calculated, and is further used in design calculations for structures. However, PGA alone doesnot amply define the seismic load and modern building code emphasis on use of spectral acceleration values. Seismic hazard analysis has been carried out for Quetta city and design parameters required by codes to define seismic loading have been derived. The maps are developed for 0.2 second (Ss) and 1.0 second spectral acceleration (S1) values for 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, equivalent to 2500 years of return period. The proposed maps have been recommended to be included in Building Code of Pakistan.